High-performance removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide in water using activated carbon derived from Queen palm fruit endocarp (Syagrus romanzoffiana)

In this work, an activated carbon sample with a high adsorptive performance for the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was prepared from queen palm endocarp ( Syagrus romanzoffiana ) by pyrolysis process. The presented XRD pattern related to graphite and functional groups such as C–H, C?O, O–H. material particles highly-porous structure, being beneficial adsorption showed remarkable specific surface area of 782 m 2 g ?1 pore volume 0.441 cm 3 . solution pH strong influence on process, ideal = 2, best adsorbent dosage, 0.5 L correspondent removal percentage 95.4%. pseudo-second-order model represented kinetic data, presenting R > 0.992 MSR< 19.62 (mg Langmuir most suitable describing equilibrium data highest (> 0.997) lowest values MSR (< 92.04 ), indicating maximum capacity 367.77 mg thermodynamic study indicated spontaneous operation, ?G 0 ranging –23.2 ?32.6 kJ mol endothermic process (?H 67.30 involving physical interactions in adsorbent/adsorbate system. could be regenerated NaOH used 7 times same capacity. Hence, overall, Jerivá corresponds promising removing 2,4-D wastewater. • Activated Queen fruit prepared. high-performance adsorb 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic. Specific ;